Analysis of Canteen Vendors’ Perceptions and Challenges In The Implementation of The Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program at SMP Negeri 7 Medan

Abstract

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (Makan Bergizi Gratis/MBG) is a strategic social policy addressing malnutrition, stunting, and food access disparities among Indonesian students. While framed as a public health and educational intervention, its implementation carries significant socio-economic consequences for school canteen vendors, an actor group often overlooked in policy evaluations. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with purposive sampling, in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, this study examines canteen vendors' perceptions and challenges following MBG implementation at SMP Negeri 7 Medan. Data were analyzed through interactive reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, with validity ensured via triangulation. Findings reveal polarized vendor perceptions, ranging from critical-negative to adaptive, with some reporting income declines of roughly 50% due to shifting student consumption patterns. Although designed as an economically neutral intervention, MBG functions as a disruptor of local micro-markets, prompting menu diversification and efficiency strategies. Uneven policy socialization further reflects limited stakeholder inclusivity, underscoring the need for more participatory communication