Cakrawala: Journal of Citizenship Teaching and Learning
Name : Cakrawala: Journal of Citizenship Teaching and Learning Frequency : June and December (2 times a year) DOI : 10.70489 / Cakrawala e-ISSN : 3063-2447 (Online) Publisher : Academic Solution Publisher Chief Editor : Aris Suhendar, M.Pd Citation Analysis : Google Scholar | ASCI | Garuda | Copernicus | Semantic Scholar Cakrawala: Journal of Citizenship Teaching and Learning is a peer-reviewed journal that focuses on scientific and professional studies in the discourse and practice of citizenship in the dimensions and perspectives of cultural diversity, equality and social justice in socio-economic contexts, education and learning, civic education and learning in local, national and global scopes, related to issues of social and moral responsibility, community engagement and political literacy, and legal awareness.
CONSUMER LEGAL PROTECTION IN STANDARD AGREEMENTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF CIVIL LAW RESEARCH IN INDONESIA
Standard-form contracts are contractual instruments widely used in relationships between business actors and consumers because they provide efficiency and legal certainty. However, the practice of standard-form contracts often raises issues of legal protection due to the imbalance of bargaining power between the parties. This article aims to systematically analyze the development of studies on consumer legal protection in standard-form contracts based on civil law research in Indonesia. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by examining national journal articles published during the period 2015–2024 and indexed in Google Scholar, Garuda, and SINTA databases. The literature selection process followed the PRISMA principles and was analyzed using a thematic approach. The findings indicate that research on consumer legal protection in standard-form contracts has increased, yet remains dominated by normative juridical approaches. The most frequently discussed themes include the imbalance of bargaining power, standard clauses that disadvantage consumers, and the limitation of the principle of freedom of contract. Meanwhile, empirical studies and discussions concerning standard-form contracts in digital transactions remain relatively limited. This study concludes that consumer legal protection in standard-form contracts constitutes a structural issue in civil law, requiring the strengthening of empirical approaches and the adaptation of legal frameworks to the dynamics of modern transactions.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EFFORTS TO DEVELOP CHARACTER VALUES THROUGH THE DISCOVERY OF THE BOJONGMENJE TEMPLE SITE
This article describes a historical discovery of the Bojongmenje Temple Site which should provide a forum for the formation of the character of the local community, considering that a history must have cultural values. The purpose of this article is to examine efforts to build character values around the Bojongmenje temple discovery site. These results indicate that the discovery of the Bojongmenje Temple site does not have a significant impact on the formation of the character values of the local community. The many efforts that have been made by the management have not been able to make everyone care about taking the side of the historical values of the Bojongmenje site. As values in society are starting to fade, it will be interesting to see if a discovery site can change its current character. Overall, this is an interesting point for further research by identifying the causes of deficient character formation.
Revitalizing Civic Education Learning to Strengthen Civic Disposition and Social Responsibility among Students of SD Negeri 02 Pereng in the Digital Era
Era digital telah membawa transformasi besar dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, termasuk dalam perkembangan karakter peserta didik. Tantangan yang muncul seperti digitalisasi yang cepat, pembelajaran PPKn yang masih tekstual, maraknya media informasi, kecenderungan, sikap pasif terhadap isu-isu sosial, serta berkurangnya empati dalam interaksi sosial menuntut dunia pendidikan untuk dapat lebih merespons secara adaptif. Pendidikan PPKn (Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan) memiliki posisi yang strategis dalam membentuk civic disposition peserta didik yaitu sikap dan nilai kewarganegaraan yang aktif, kritis, peduli, dan memiliki rasa tanggung jawab secara sosial. Kajian ini berfokus kepada pentingnya revitalisasi PPKn agar lebih kontektekstual dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik di era digital. Metode yang digunakan merupakan studi literatur terhadap berbagai studi dan publikasi terkini yang membahas mengenai inovasi dalam pembelajaran PPKn penguatan karakter kewarganegaraan dan tantangan pendidikan di era digital. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan PPKn yang kontekstual, berbasis masalah, dan kolaboratif terbukti efektif dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik yang lebih empatik aktif secara sosial serta memiliki tanggung jawab terhadap lingkungan digital dan sosial. Implikasi dari temuan ini adalah perlunya transformasi pembelajaran PPKn Melalui strategi pembelajaran yang aktif integrasi teknologi secara kritis dan kemitraan antara sekolah
Copyright (c) 2025 Chaliestha Diva Rizkyka, Clara Diah Puspita, Dhio Putri Bima Kharisma, Endrise Septina Rawanoko (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Outdoor Learning-Based Teaching Methods in Enhancing the Understanding of Geographic Concepts
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the outdoor learning-based teaching method in improving the understanding of geographic concepts among eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Dolok Pardamean, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra. The study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using the nonequivalent control group design, involving two groups: the experimental group taught through the outdoor learning method and the control group taught through conventional methods. The research instruments consisted of written tests and observation sheets. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a t-test to determine significant differences between groups. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ understanding of geographic concepts when taught through the outdoor learning method. The average posttest score of the experimental group reached 82.70, higher than that of the control group, which was only 74.15. The t-test result showed a t-value of 4.52 with a significance level of p < 0.001, confirming a significant difference between the two groups. Observations also indicated that student engagement in the experimental group was higher (85%) compared to the control group (60%), suggesting that this method is effective in enhancing students’ motivation and participation.
Optimization of the Role of Community Service Program (KKN) in Building Civic Awareness and Empowering the Community of Timbang Lawan Village
This study examines the optimization of the Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata or KKN) as a transformative model for strengthening civic awareness and empowering the community of Timbang Lawan Village, Langkat Regency, Indonesia. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, focus group discussions, and documentation involving students, village officials, and community members. The findings reveal that the KKN program serves as an effective platform for promoting civic values, participatory learning, and sustainable development. Religious and social engagement activities such as the Muharram Festival and literacy mentoring enhanced civic consciousness and social solidarity. Economic empowerment through eco-printing, health education via Apotek Hidup, and environmental awareness through village tourism collectively built a culture of cooperation and self-reliance. The study concludes that the success of KKN depends on participatory collaboration, value integration, and institutional sustainability. Therefore, optimizing KKN as a civic empowerment framework strengthens not only academic-community partnerships but also contributes to Indonesia’s broader agenda of inclusive and sustainable nation-building.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lembayung Aurandyta, Noor Azizah, Khoiriyah Syaharani , Ghadief Hanbal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Innovation in Pancasila Education Learning: The Role of Interactive Multimedia in Enhancing Students' Learning Interest
The education of Pancasila in elementary schools is crucial for developing students’ character and fostering a sense of national identity. Nevertheless, traditional teaching approaches frequently fail to engage students, leading to diminished participation and comprehension. This research aims to examine how interactive multimedia can enhance students' interest in learning Pancasila Education at the elementary school level. The investigation was carried out using a qualitative case study approach at an elementary school located in the Banjarsari District of Surakarta City. To gather data, techniques such as observation, interviews, and literature reviews were employed to assess the implementation and effectiveness of interactive multimedia in the educational process. The findings indicated that interactive multimedia tools, including animated videos, educational games, and digital comics, can substantially boost students' interest, engagement, and understanding in studying Pancasila Education. These interactive tools enable students to visualize abstract ideas, actively participate in their learning, and connect the content to their daily lives. However, the research also highlighted several constraints, including differences in multimedia quality, technological limitations, and the requirement for extensive resources for effective implementation. Engaging multimedia that facilitates direct interaction among students has proven to be more effective compared to passive formats like videos. The study concluded that interactive multimedia is essential in making the learning of Pancasila Education more vibrant, participative, and meaningful. It is advised that educators and policymakers advocate for the incorporation of interactive multimedia by providing teacher training, enhancing technology infrastructure, and fostering collaboration in developing high-quality educational materials.
Development and Implementation of Online Learning Based on E-Learning
The development and transmission of learning today is needed to expand knowledge so that it can be easily obtained as well as online learning based on E-learning. This is useful so that interactions and learning are given to students by lecturers are easier. In the study entitled Development and implementation of online learning based on e- learning in Siyasah Departement of Faculty of Syariah dan Law UIN SU will be conducted to find out how the development of learning, strategies and supporting factors as well as inhibitors of the development of e-learning in Siyasah Departement of Faculty of Syariah dan Law UIN SU. The data collection technique is carried out by Observation, Interview, Document and Literature Study and the subject of this research are students and lecturers of Siyasah Departement of Faculty of Syariah dan Law UIN SU as much as 10% of the total number of students randomly. Consequently, only a limited number of professors have adopted e-learning within the Department of Sharia and Law at UIN SU, and overall, the implementation of an online learning-based e-learning system among lecturers is sparse. This study seeks to examine the facilitating and obstructive aspects in the advancement of e-learning.
Defending The State in The Digital Domain: Between Cyber Threats and National Awareness
Cyber threats are a big challenge for Indonesia along with the development of digital technology and dependence on cyberspace. This article aims to analyze the relationship between cyber threats and digital national defense and the role of national awareness in strengthening state resilience. This qualitative research with a literature analysis shows that Indonesia faces major challenges in digital resilience, such as low digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, and limited experts in the field of cybersecurity. In conclusion, collaboration between the government, the private sector, and the community as well as increased digital literacy is needed to strengthen Indonesia's cyber resilience.
The Intersection of Citizenship and Freedom of Religion: Legal Challenges in a Multicultural Society
This study investigates the correlation between citizenship status and religious freedom within Indonesia's multicultural society, emphasizing the legal obstacles encountered by religious minority groups. The methodology employed is a normative-doctrinal legal approach, analyzing several national legal instruments, Constitutional Court rulings, and literature on legal and human rights. The research findings indicate a discrepancy between constitutional provisions that ensure religious freedom and prevailing legal practices that are often discriminatory. For instance, restrictions persist that restrict access to civil registry and marriage for followers of faiths beyond the six recognized religions. Furthermore, the legal status of groups like Ahmadiyah and practitioners of indigenous traditions signifies a de facto exclusion from citizenship. The findings suggest that the Indonesian legal system has not yet adequately ensured the concept of non-discrimination within the context of an inclusive rule of law. This research advocates for the enhancement of the alignment between positive legal norms and constitutional ideals, as well as the facilitation of additional studies utilizing comparative and empirical methodologies to advance equitable legal protection for minority groups.
Political Representation Among Young Voters: Analysis of Students' Political Preferences in the 2024 West Java Regional Election
Political participation among young citizens in regional head elections has become a crucial element in strengthening local democracy in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the political preferences of young voters in the 2024 West Java Pilkada and identify the factors influencing their decision-making processes. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving 12 students of the Indonesian Education University (UPI) who represent active voters in campus-based political activities. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis to identify dominant patterns in voter behavior. The findings reveal that young voters tend to prioritize candidates’ track records, leadership experience, clear vision and mission, and realistic work programs, particularly those related to education, employment, and community welfare. They also consider the credibility of supporting political parties and the educational background of candidates as indicators of competence. These results indicate a shift towards more rational, critical, and issue-oriented political preferences among young voters. This study highlights the growing political awareness of younger generations and offers insights into how youth perspectives may influence regional policymaking in the future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diani Dewi Saila Diani, Karim Suryadi, Vini Agustiani Hadia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Representation of Nationalism in Local Media (Critical Discourse Analysis on Local Media Waspada Online)
The role of local media as an instrument of Nationalism representation has an important impact in shaping national identity at the regional and local levels. Local media has a closer coverage of the community and a deeper understanding of local culture, traditions, and values. This study aims to find out the representation of citizen nationalism in local online media Waspada Online. Representation of nationalism by local media can accommodate cultural diversity and its voices, appreciate differences, and strengthen unity in the context of Indonesia. Research on the role of local media in representing nationalism has a fundamental urgency in building a sense of nationhood and statehood. The research method used is the media discourse analysis method. Data collection techniques were text analysis and in-depth interviews. Research informants came from Waspada journalists, the Tourism Office, tourism observers, and Waspada online readers who were considered representative. Analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. The results showed that of the six news articles analyzed using the CDA technique, actors, namely public officials, dominated the majority. This represents that the context of nationalism tends to be constructed at an elitist level. However, there was one article where one of the political actors could distort the news content so that most of the framing that emerged was the community
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of Critical Literacy Through Pancasila and Civic Education for Generation Z
The rapid flow of information in the digital age underscores the urgent need for critical literacy, particularly among Generation Z, to navigate, evaluate, and respond to diverse perspectives with discernment and responsibility. This study investigates the potential of Pancasila and Civic Education (PPKn) as a medium to cultivate critical literacy by embedding its values into educational practices. It examines the challenges educators face in integrating critical literacy into the PPKn curriculum and evaluates its impact on students' critical thinking skills. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research incorporates qualitative interviews with educators and quantitative surveys of high school students to measure changes in their analytical and evaluative capacities. Findings indicate a notable enhancement in students’ ability to critically engage with socio-political issues, aligning their responses with the principles of Pancasila. The study also highlights the urgent need for innovative teaching methodologies and digital tools to optimize critical literacy outcomes. Ultimately, the research concludes that embedding critical literacy into Pancasila and Civic Education offers a transformative model for equipping Generation Z to become informed and responsible citizens. It emphasizes the importance of prioritizing critical literacy in curriculum development, ensuring it aligns with national values and addresses global challenges.
Moral and Ethical Crisis: The Impact of Lack of Implementation of Pancasila Values
Ethics and morals are very important in life, especially in the face of decline in the younger generation. This moral crisis is influenced by family, school, culture, and the rapid development of technology. Moral decline can hurt individuals and society. Based on a literature studies from several articles (2021-2024), the implementation of Pancasila values as moral education is very relevant. In the technological era, the moral crisis is getting worse, as seen from the many cases of deviation among the nation's children. Pancasila-based moral education can shape characters who are independent, responsible, and understand moral values. The implementation of Pancasila also prevents the degradation of the nation's character due to globalization. This research emphasizes the importance of Pancasila-based character education to build ethics and morals for the progress of Indonesia.
TGT For Student Collaboration In Elementary School Pancasila Education: An Effective Solution Or Just An Alternative?
One of the main functions of education is to develop collaboration and cooperation skills among students, especially in Pancasila Education learning. However, the low collaboration skills of students in the classroom often hinder the effectiveness of the learning process. Therefore, a learning approach is needed that can create a fun, engaging, and interactive learning atmosphere to enhance students' collaboration skills. This study aims to analyze the use of the Team Games Tournament (TGT) type of cooperative learning model as a solution to improve students' collaboration skills. The TGT model is implemented through the stages of class presentation, team formation, games, matches, and group awards. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation to gain an in-depth understanding of the implementation of TGT in learning. The research results show that the implementation of the TGT learning model has a positive impact on the improvement of students' collaboration skills. This model is capable of creating an interactive learning environment, enhancing the active involvement of students, and strengthening teamwork, especially in Pancasila education. Additionally, this model also encourages healthy competition among groups, which can enhance the overall learning motivation of students. Thus, TGT can become one of the effective learning models to support the achievement of educational goals that not only focus on understanding the material but also on developing collaboration skills as preparation for social life.
NHT Cooperative Model For Learning Independence Of Pancasila Education In Elementary School: Why Teacher-Centered Must Change?
Civic education in elementary schools aims to instill Pancasila values as the basis for learner behavior. However, Civic education is often teacher-centered which makes learners tend to be passive. Therefore, a more active approach, such as the NHT model, is needed to create an interactive and collaborative learning atmosphere. This research uses a literature review by collecting data from relevant scientific articles and journals in the last ten years. It was analyzed by combining theory and best practice to understand the application of NHT in the context of Civic education. The results show that the NHT model encourages learners to work in small groups collaboratively. Through this approach, learners actively discuss, solve problems and take responsibility for their role in the group. This model also creates a fun learning environment and supports the development of social skills. In conclusion, the application of the NHT model is effective in creating learner-centered learning, thus increasing their active involvement in the learning process.
The Implementation Of Class Agreements In Strengthening The Discipline Of Elementary School Students
This study discusses the implementation of classroom agreements in strengthening the discipline of elementary school students. Classroom agreements serve as a tool to create a conducive learning environment, where students feel valued and responsible for their behavior. Through active student participation in the creation of agreements, they not only learn about discipline but also important social values. The research shows that consistent application of classroom agreements, accompanied by consequences and rewards, can significantly enhance student discipline. The findings indicate that students involved in the rule-making process are more likely to adhere to the agreed-upon agreements. Thus, classroom agreements become an effective strategy in shaping the disciplined character of elementary school students.
Educational Board Games: “Gues Who?” As An Optimization Of Children's Learning Focus In Learning PPKn In Elementary School
The background of this research is the importance of effective learning strategies to increase learners' focus and involvement in learning Civic Education (PPKn) in elementary schools. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of educational games based on board games, namely “Guess Who?”, in optimizing students' attention and participation during learning. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study method, and data collection techniques with interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results showed that the use of the “Guess Who?” board game can increase students' concentration, active participation, and understanding of Civics material. In conclusion, “Guess Who?” is an effective and interactive learning media, which can help optimize students' learning focus in learning Civics in elementary schools.
Application Of Problem Based Learning Model In Civics Learning On Central Government Structure Material In Grade IV Of Pabelan Kartasura State Elementary School
This research is entitled "Application of the Problem Based Learning Model in Civics Learning on Central Government Structure Material Class IV Sdn Pabelan Kartasura" This research aims to analyze the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model in Civics Education (PKn) learning on Central Government Structure material in class IV SDN Pabelan, Kartasura. This research is motivated by the need to increase students' active participation and in-depth understanding of abstract material. The PBL model also encourages students to be more active in discussing, working together, and solving problems independently or in groups. The research results show that the application of the PBL model can increase student involvement in the learning process, critical thinking skills, and student learning outcomes. The research methods used are direct observation in class, interviews with teachers, and documentation. The observation results show that Civics learning in class IV at SDN Pabelan 03 has been implemented in accordance with the learning plan prepared. Teachers use lecture, question and answer and group discussion methods to improve students' understanding of the material. Learning evaluation is carried out through written tests and student attitude assessments. Obstacles found included limited time and lack of student involvement in several discussion activities. The conclusion from this observation is that Civics learning at SDN Pabelan 03 has gone well, but innovation is needed in learning methods and media to improve the quality of learning.
The Role Of Teachers In Improving Learning Interest In Civics Education Learning Of Grade IV Students Of Nusukan Barat State Elementary School
Low student interest in citizenship education (civics education) is one of the problems often encountered in schools. This condition is influenced by various factors, including teacher teaching methods and student motivation. This study aims to describe the role of teachers in fostering students' interest in learning Civics Education in grade IV at ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Nusukan Barat, as well as the factors that influence this interest. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques included observation during learning, semi-structured interviews with respondents from the fourth-grade teacher of ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Nusukan Barat, and documentation studies conducted in the fourth-grade classroom of ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Nusukan Barat. The results showed that the teacher's role as a facilitator, motivator, informator, and classroom manager has a significant influence in increasing students' interest in learning. In addition, there are supporting factors such as teacher creativity and competence, supportive school programs, and good communication between teachers and students. However, there are also inhibiting factors such as limited learning time, students' dislike of the subject, and lack of support from parents at home. Therefore, the active role of teachers in the learning process and classroom management is very important in fostering students' interest in learning. It is recommended that teachers continue to increase creativity in teaching and involve parents to support learning at home so that students' interest in learning Civics can be improved optimally.
Implementation Of Character Education Through Positive School Culture In Elementary Schools
This study aims to determine the implementation of character education through positive school culture in elementary schools. In schools, students do not only gain knowledge but are also equipped with values, rules, manners, and cultural customs. School culture is the atmosphere of life in the school environment where all school residents, including students, educators, counselors, and staff interact and work together. Good character education aims to change individuals to be better. Without a good school culture, it will be difficult to realize positive character education for students. By using the systematic literature review (SLR) method, a literature review method that identifies, examines, evaluates, and interprets all available research. Furthermore, an article review was carried out by reading the entire contents of the article which aims to see the suitability with the research topic and obtained 4 articles that are relevant to the research topic.
Optimizing Pancasila Education Learning With PBL: Time Management Strategies To Build Students' Discipline And Independence
This research reveals that many students have low time discipline and independence. This often occurs because the learning methods used are less able to encourage students' personal involvement and the development of their skills (psychomotor).The implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Pancasila Education subjects can help students learn to better manage their time, thereby increasing their discipline and independence. Through PBL, important skills such as time management and responsibility can be taught, which are useful in everyday life. This article aims to explore time management strategies as an important factor in supporting the enhancement of student discipline and independence. It is hoped that problem based learning can optimize the PPKn learning process and significantly impact the students' character and social skills. The research method used in this study is qualitative research using a case study approach. The data collection techniques used in this case study research are observation, interview, and documentation methods. The results of the study show that PBL can help build student discipline and independence, although there are challenges in understanding the issues that affect their time management. This research recommends the use of reflective training and time management techniques, such as the Pomodoro technique, to support students in optimizing their skills in managing time and completing tasks.
Outdoor Learning: Changing The View Of The Boring Subject Of Pancasila Education In Elementary School
Pancasila Education as a compulsory subject in elementary schools is often seen as boring learning due to monotonous and conventional teaching methods. This study aims to examine how the implementation of outdoor learning methods can be an effective solution in changing students' perceptions of Pancasila Education subjects. Using a systematic literature review method, this research analyzes various reference sources related to the implementation of outdoor learning in learning Pancasila Education at the elementary school level. The method in writing this article uses a case study method with data collection techniques, namely interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results showed that outdoor learning succeeded in changing the learning paradigm from theoretical to more dynamic and meaningful. This method allows students to observe, feel, and practice Pancasila values directly through real experiences in the surrounding environment. Some effective implementation strategies include contextualized material planning, outdoor deliberation simulation, project-based approach, and joint reflection. The implementation of outdoor learning is proven to increase students' interest in learning and understanding of Pancasila Education materials, as well as help internalize Pancasila values through meaningful hands-on activities.
Analysis of Teachers' Difficulties in Developing Teaching Modules for the Merdeka Curriculum in Grade V Civics Subjects at Al-Islam 2 Jamsaren Elementary School, Surakarta
The merdeka curriculum is designed to provide teachers with flexibility in organizing and performing learning that is more relevant to the needs of the students. However, the implementation of the curriculum presents various challenges, especially in the drafting of the teach module. The study was conducted to analyze the difficulties encountered by the teacher in setting up the free curriculum teach module on pancasila and cidal (ppeng) at al-islam elementary, surakarta. The research methods used are qualitative in collecting data through observation and interviews for a ppnonal subject. Research results suggest that the main challenge lies in understanding the curriculum, learning paradigm change, technological mastery, and the limitation of learning and time resources. These difficulties hinder the teacher from organizing effective teaching modules and in accordance with the principles of the free curriculum. This study suggests that training and intensive counseling can be used to help teachers overcome those obstacles.
Literature Review: Teacher Strategies in Civics Learning in Elementary Schools to Increase Students' Learning Motivation Students
Citizenship Education (PKN) in Elementary Schools (SD) has an important role in shaping the character and social skills of students. However, one of the challenges faced is how to increase students' learning motivation in participating in PKN learning. Monotonous learning and material that tends to be abstract often make students less interested. Therefore, this research aims to analyze various strategies that can be implemented by teachers in PKN learning to increase student learning motivation. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Based on a review of literature from various studies, several effective strategies were found, such as the use of ice breaking techniques, counseling guidance, story and game methods, as well as the application of technology in learning. The use of approaches that are varied and relevant to students' lives has been proven to be able to increase their involvement in the learning process. Thus, teachers are expected to be able to implement innovative and fun strategies to motivate students in PKN learning, so that learning objectives can be achieved optimally.
Challenges of Implementing Merdeka Curriculum in Pancasila Education Subjects in Elementary Schools
This study aims to identify the challenges faced by teachers in implementing Merdeka Curriculum in Pancasila Education subjects in grade 5 of Al-Islam 2 Elementary School in Jamsaren Surakarta, and formulate solutions to overcome these difficulties. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. The study population consisted of 5th grade students, with a sample of class 5A consisting of 30 students. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and literature study. The instruments used include observation sheets that contain aspects of planning, implementation, evaluation, challenges, and learning models. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that teachers experienced the main obstacle in the form of lack of time in implementing learning, which had an impact on not achieving a deep understanding of the material. In addition, student evaluation results are often not in accordance with teacher predictions, both in LOTS (Low Order Thinking Skill) and HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) questions. The proposed solutions include the implementation of more efficient learning models such as flippedclassroom and more structured Project-Based Learning, as well as the use of learning technology to speed up the evaluation process. The study suggests that teachers pay attention to more effective planning time, as well as conducting early diagnostic analysis and reflection on evaluation results to adjust future questions and teaching methods.
Literature Review: Implementation of Cooperative Learning Model in Civics Learning To Increase the Activeness of Elementary School Students
The purpose of writing this review article is; 1) to find out the application of learning models that foster student collaboration in Citizenship Education subjects, and 2) to find out the appropriate learning model in increasing student activeness in Citizenship Education subjects. To review the articles found using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Articles were reviewed that were sourced from the Google Scholar database with a time span of the last 3 years from 2021 to 2024. Of the several articles found, there are 3 articles as the final result that have gone through the screening and extraction process and will be analyzed. The results of the article review are; 1) the learning model can increase student learning activities after the application of the Cooperative Learning learning method in the Civic Education subject, 2) Cooperation among students during the learning process can naturally generate communication, which in turn can make students more involved and ultimately facilitate the process of discovery, understanding, and mastery of ideas, 3) the application of cooperative learning in Civics learning increases students' activities, makes them more creative, active, and motivated, and strengthens individual and group cooperation and responsibility.
Literature Review: Manifestation of the 5th Principle of Pancasila in Fulfilling the Education Rights of Children with Special Needs in Elementary Schools
The principle of justice basically aims to realize democratic values and human rights. In terms of concept, justice contains four different meanings, namely equality, equity, giving proper personal rights, and divine justice. This research was conducted to analyze the implementation of the principles of social justice contained in the 5th principle of Pancasila regarding the fulfillment of the educational rights of children with special needs at the elementary school level. This research was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The findings of this research reveal the importance of implementing the 5th principle of Pancasila in ensuring the fulfillment of education for children with special needs (ABK) at the elementary school level. We found that there are several things that need to be considered in order to implement the 5th principle of Pancasila in an effort to fulfill the right to education for Children with Special Needs in Elementary School, namely: Equal access and opportunities in education, Respecting equal rights and obligations, Encouraging values love and tolerance, Having a wise attitude and the ability to solve problems, and Responding to challenges in implementing inclusive education and solutions.
THE ROLE OF PANCASILA AS THE NATION'S IDEOLOGY IN DEVELOPING EDUCATION IN FAVOR OF STUDENTS
This study aims to analyze the function of Pancasila ideology as the identity and entity of the nation and its role in creating education that favors students in the 21st century. The research method is a literature study of 30 journal articles relevant to the research. The results of the study show that 21st-century education not only develops academic aspects, but also character and morality. The Pancasila Student Profile is the foundation for character strengthening in the current learning process, implemented through the integration of Pancasila values in the daily life of students. Concrete efforts in curriculum design and learning processes that favor students demand critical, collaborative, and innovative thinking skills that prioritize Pancasila values. Thus, education that favors students not only creates academically superior generations, but also forms nationalist citizens who think globally while still prioritizing Pancasila values.
THE APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIATED LEARNING IN IMPROVING STUDENTS' LEARNING ACTIVENESS AND CREATIVITY
In the 21st Century, the independent learning curriculum is in the spotlight for the world of education, the learning process of students is required to be more active and teachers are required to be able to meet the needs of students and increase the potential of students such as talents, interests and creativity. One solution to meet the needs of students is the application of differentiated learning. Differentiated learning aims to provide facilities for the diversity of students based on the learning needs and characteristics of students. This study aims to determine whether the application of content and product differentiation learning can increase student learning activity and creativity. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) using a qualitative approach. The research results obtained are increased activity and creativity of students from the implementation of differentiated learning content and products using cooperative learning models, while judging from the results of observations, students as a whole are very actively involved during the learning process, making products to show the results of their discussions in front of the class.
THE PRECEPTS OF INDONESIAN UNITY AS MATERIAL FOR REFLECTION ON IMPLEMENTING HUMAN RIGHTS VALUES
Indonesia as a state of law and part of the world community, cannot be apathetic about human rights issues. Human Rights is an outward right that is owned by all human beings and comes directly from God Almighty. The ideology of the Indonesian state, namely Pancasila, has determination in upholding human rights. This discussion will focus on the implementation of human rights values ​​in the third principle namely the unity of Indonesia. In writing this article, how the precepts of Indonesian unity can be used as a reference in realizing the values ​​of Human Rights in the life of society, nation and state. Basically, the principle of Indonesian unity is a form of explicit elaboration in implementing human rights in shaping the harmonious life of the Indonesian people through unified and unified actions for the sake of the full peace of life of the Indonesian people. Unity is a means of holistically upholding human rights, because with unity all people will understand their rights and obligations as citizens, especially in upholding human rights.